Abstract: In recent years, the development of new antidepressants has made great progress, with some of these drugs having gradually been used in clinical practice. The continuous emergence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glutamatergic drugs and other new target drugs has provided more treatment options for patients with depression. This paper summarizes the current status of clinical research and development of antidepressants and the global pipeline of antidepressants in recent years, and analyzes in detail the clinical significance, market status, research and development landscape and pipeline of antidepressants with different targets, aiming to provide some reference for relevant researchers and clinicians.