Abstract: Bipolar disorder（BD）, as a typical mental disorder, has attracted increasing attention with respect to the elucidation of its pathogenesis, the development of therapeutic agents, and the optimization of treatment strategies. The primary objective of maintenance treatment for BD is the prevention of relapse. However, the currently available therapeutic drugs and treatment regimens are limited by unsatisfactory efficacy and significant adverse effects, highlighting the need to identify novel therapeutic targets based on the pathogenesis of BD. This review summarizes recent advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of BD, with a particular focus on the roles of the Ca²⁺ signaling pathway and trace amine-associated receptor 1（TAAR1） in the occurrence and development of BD, as well as recent progress in novel therapeutic strategies, including calcium channel modulators and TAAR1 agonists. In addition, the potential synergistic therapeutic value of these two approaches is discussed, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of novel therapeutic targets and the optimization of precision therapeutic strategies for BD.