Abstract: Polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN) is a mixture of degraded single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and has emerged as a major research focus in medical aesthetics and clinical treatment in recent years. This review summarizes the basic physicochemical properties, its mechanisms of action, and advances in its application of PDRN. It further delineates the current status of its application and development across a range of clinical indications and in the field of medical aesthetics, and discusses the available safety evidence and potential risks. This review aims to provide a reference for the standardized clinical use of PDRN and its development for medical aesthetic applications.