Abstract: Framework nucleic acids (FNAs) are a class of nano-assembled oligonucleotides with unique physical, chemical and biological properties. According to the Watson-Crick base pairing rule, DNA frameworks of various shapes and sizes can be prepared by DNA pairing hybridization. These frameworks demonstrate high degree of reproducibility and stability. The programmable assembly of oligonucleotides into FNAs provides a highly controllable model for studying interactions between nanomaterials and living organisms. The latest research progress of FNAs in biomedicine was summarized in this article, aiming to provide reference for the further exploration and application of DNA nanotechnology.