Abstract: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a recently discovered way for neutrophils to exert their protective function in the body. However, excessive NETs are recognized by the body as autoantigens, which can participate in the onset and progression of immune-related diseases, ultimately resulting in bodily injury. Based on the recent literature, this article reviews the mechanisms for the formation of NETs and their significant roles in the onset and progression of immune-related diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Futhermore, the article summarizes existing regulatory targets and related drugs, aiming to provide references for clinical application and further research of NET inhibitors.