Abstract: mRNA vaccine can create significant economic value. The research and development process of mRNA vaccine is relatively simple and can be produced and deployed quickly. Compared with other vaccines, mRNA vaccine has cost advantage and good efficacy, which can save social medical costs and create huge economic value as vaccines for tumor, infectious diseases and other diseases.Meanwhile, as a new technology, mRNA vaccine has significant social value, as it can drive the development of upstream and downstream related industries, the technological upgrading of corresponding companies, and the rapid development of relevant basic science research. In addition, the localization of mRNA vaccine can promote the improvement of innovation ecosystem in China and increase the stability of the industrial chain. In order to better understand the value created by mRNA vaccine and how it is developing in China, and to provide some reference for the development of China's public health, this paper analyzes the social and economic values of mRNA vaccine and sorts out the relevant industrial chains.