Abstract: The development of nanomedicine has brought new opportunities for tumor vaccine research. The nanoadjuvant system plays an important role in the targeted delivering and controlled releasing of antigens, and exerts synergistic immune activation by transmitting costimulatory signals. This article reviews the application of nanoadjuvants based on synthetic and natural materials, and describes the status of nanoadjuvants in immunomodulation, drug delivery and combination therapy, with a prospect of the future application and further study of nanoadjuvants.