Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease commonly occurring in middle-aged and elderly people, and is one of the important causes of disability, with such main clinical manifestations as joint swelling and pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population in adipose tissues without components such as mature adipocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells give SVF characteristics of stem cell, and various other cell components can regulate immunity and promote tissue reconstruction.This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of OA, as well as the clinical study and treatment mechanism of SVF for the treatment of OA in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis by stromal vascular fraction.