Abstract: Neoantigen is a polypeptide produced by somatic cell mutation that can induce tumor-specific T cell recognition. It is a tumorspecific antigen and an ideal target for tumor immunotherapy. Recently, vaccines targeting tumor neoantigens, T cell receptor chimeric T cell therapies, and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapies have all entered the phases of clinical trials. Accurate and rapid identification of tumor neoantigens is critical for successful immunotherapy, and is also quite challenging in individualized immunotherapy. In recent years, a large number of tumor neoantigen prediction algorithms and screening methods have been developed and applied to preclinical and clinical research. Here, we introduce the main sources of tumor neoantigens, review the advances of prediction and screening methods of tumor neoantigens over the past years, and predict the future development of this field.