Abstract: Thromboembolic diseases cause high mortality and disability rates to the patients, which seriously affects their quality of life and prognosis. At present, the overall situation of the administration of anticoagulant drugs in China is not sound due to their wide variety and different mechanisms of action. Patients have insufficient understanding of rational drug administration and poor medication compliance, with a lower rate of achievement of target anticoagulant therapy and a relatively higher incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, it is essential to standardize, rationalize and individualize anticoagulant therapy. This article analyzes the pathophysiological state of the patients and their actual needs of treatment, and reviews the characteristics of anticoagulant drugs and their individualized application, in an attempt to provide reference for individualized treatment with anticoagulants, and promote their rational administration.