Abstract: The critical role of antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of many systemic and local diseases is well known. Idebenone is one of the most effective antioxidants in clinical application. It is a synthetic analog of coenzyme Q10 mainly used in the clinical treatment of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system related to oxidative stress, like Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, cerebral anemia and brain failure as well as diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, like Friedreich's ataxia, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Through detailed introduction of the chemical structure, pharmacological effects of idebenone and its application in disease treatment, this paper provides some reference for futher research on the therapeutic effects of idebenone.