Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage, including mainly Crohn,s disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), still with unknown etiopathogenesis. Current studies have found that its pathogenesis is closely related to the host,s genetic susceptibility, intestinal flora dysbiosis, intestinal mucosal barrier damage and intestinal mucosal immune abnormalities. In this review, the related research progress of the mechanism of IBD, the structure of patients, intestinal flora and treatment methods are summarized, in an attempt to provide some reference for the development of new therapies and new drugs against inflammatory bowel disease in the future.