Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant tumor derived from uncontrolled proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells. Because of the asymptomatic early-stage manifestations, CCA is hard to diagnose until advanced stage, which is generally unresectable. The postoperative survival rate is quite low even after surgical resection. Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin is the first-line standard of care (SOC) for patients who do not need surgical resection, and their median overall survival time is less than 1 year. In April 2020, pemigatinib, an FGFR inhibitor approved by FDA, became the first target therapy for cholangiocarcinoma worldwide. This paper reviews the progress of target therapy for cholangiocarcinoma in recent years, aiming to provide reference for novel drug development and clinical practice for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.