Abstract: Extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB), one of the most widely-used herbal medicine extracts with significant clinical efficacy, has become a hot spot for development and utilization at home and abroad. Composed of various chemical components, including flavonoids, terpene lactones and organic acids, it has been extensively used for clinical application, especially in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is a short-term cerebral artery disease caused by reduced or completely interrupted local blood perfusion, resulting in the softening and necrosis of brain tissue. Starting from the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke, this article focuses on the main chemical components of EGB against ischemic stroke as well as their pharmacological effects of neuroprotection, so as to provide reference for the application and development of EGB.