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新药研发前沿动态 / 医药领域趋势进展

殷荣, 缪晓辉, 钮蕴超. 免疫功能紊乱人群接种新型冠状病毒疫苗需注意的问题[J]. 药学进展, 2021, 45(6): 433-437.
引用本文: 殷荣, 缪晓辉, 钮蕴超. 免疫功能紊乱人群接种新型冠状病毒疫苗需注意的问题[J]. 药学进展, 2021, 45(6): 433-437.
YIN Rong, MOU Xiaohui, NIU Yunchao. Special Concern for the Problems in the Inoculation of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Population with Immune Dysfunction[J]. Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 45(6): 433-437.
Citation: YIN Rong, MOU Xiaohui, NIU Yunchao. Special Concern for the Problems in the Inoculation of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Population with Immune Dysfunction[J]. Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 45(6): 433-437.

免疫功能紊乱人群接种新型冠状病毒疫苗需注意的问题

Special Concern for the Problems in the Inoculation of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Population with Immune Dysfunction

  • 摘要: 免疫功能紊乱人群包括先天性和获得性免疫缺陷、自身免疫性疾病和过敏反应性疾病患者。这类人群不仅对新型冠状病毒更易感,而且感染后更易重症化,病死率更高。因此若无绝对禁忌症,应积极接种新冠病毒疫苗。在中国上市并可及的新冠病毒疫苗包括灭活疫苗、基因重组亚单位蛋白疫苗和腺病毒载体疫苗,它们各有优劣。但从有限的循证医学证据看,灭活疫苗的免疫保护效果和不良反应方面的表现更优,目前似可优先推荐。免疫紊乱人群接种前,应该由多学科医生分别或联合评估;接种疫苗过程中需重点注意几方面的问题,如防护措施不能因为接种疫苗而松懈、基础疾病的治疗不可终止、接种后要严密监测不良反应;另外,照护免疫功能紊乱患者的工作人员或家人应接种疫苗。

     

    Abstract: People with immune dysfunction are a special group, including patients with innate and acquired immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases. Such people are more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection, which is more likely to become severe with higher rate of fatality. Therefore, except for the absolute contraindications, they should receive vaccination against COVID-19. The COVID-19 vaccines available on the market in China include inactivated vaccine, recombinant subunit protein vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, based on the limited evidence-based medical data, the inactivated vaccine has better performance in terms of immune protection and adverse reactions and therefore seems worthy of preferential recommendation at present. Before receiving the vaccine, the patient with immune dysfunction should receive separate or group evaluation from multidisciplinary doctors, with special attention to several issues during the vaccination process, including continued preventive measures, continued treatment of basic diseases, and close monitoring of adverse reactions after inoculation. In addition, staff or family members for clinical care of the immune dysfunction patient should be vaccinated.

     

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