Abstract: Aging refers to the degenerative changes in the tissue structure, physiological functions, and psychological behavior of the body with age. It can cause metabolic disorders in the human body, leading to the occurrence of such diseases as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. With the development of metabolomics, there have been more studies of targeted metabolomics in aging-related diseases. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of targeted metabolomics in the study of the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of aging-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, aiming to provide some reference for the research on the application of targeted metabolomics in the investigation of aging-related mechanisms.