Abstract: Currently, there are many kinds of nuclides used for medical diagnosis and treatment, and they play a significant and effective role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor cells. Due to the heterogeneity of tumor cells and high variability of tumor microenvironment, radionuclide drug conjugates (RDC) that provide functions such as precise diagnosis and targeted cancer killing become indispensable means and tools in tumor precision treatment. In this review, in combination with recent preclinical studies and clinical trials of diagnostic and therapeutic nucleoid drugs, we provide a detailed overview on the use of diagnostic nucleoid drugs in cancer cell therapy and the synergistic treatment between therapeutic nucleoids and other cancer cell therapies, and provide a direction for the pairing of different nucleoids in the diagnosis and treatment research and their clinical translation.