Abstract: Aging is the process of functional and organic decline with the increase of age, involving damage at different levels of the organism and many diseases leading to degenerative changes of the body. With the continuous exploration of aging mechanism, the research and development of drugs with targeted anti-aging potential has received increasing attention. This paper reviews the aging characteristics of different organisms and the research progress of potential anti-aging drugs from such four levels as gene, protein, cell and intercellular communication, in order to provide some reference for the exploration of aging mechanism and anti-aging process as well as the research and development of related drugs.