Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major global health threats, with increasing morbidity and mortality rates, posing a heavy economic and social burden in China. Neuraminidases (NEU) are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze cell surface sialic acid. Among them, neuraminidase-1(NEU1) plays an important role in the regulation of various metabolic and signaling pathways in the progression of CVD. This article provides an overview of the progress of NEU1 research in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including its mechanisms of action. It also summarizes the current research status of NEU1 inhibitors, aiming to provide a basis and direction for future research on NEU1 in CVD.