Abstract: 3D printing technology is an additive manufacturing technology that enables the customization of drug delivery systems with specific sizes, shapes, and drug release properties. In recent years, 3D printing technology has attracted widespread attention in the pharmaceutical field due to its remarkable advantages in rapid prototyping, customized design, and other related areas. This article introduces several mainstream 3D drug printing technologies and compares their pros and cons. Additionally, taking tablets, gels, and patches as examples, it summarizes the research progress of 3D printing technology in various drug preparations. Furthermore, it points out the challenges faced by the application of 3D printing technology in drug manufacturing from various aspects, including manufacturing processes, material selection, cost control, clinical pharmaceutical practices and regulatory policies.