Abstract: In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted wide attention due to its abundant sources, fewer side effects, and significant therapeutic effects. It has been widely used to enhance human immunity, and prevent and treat infectious and chronic diseases. Its long history of clinical application has proven its safety and efficacy. As a traditional Chinese prescription for clearing heat and detoxification, Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction has gained great attention due to its good anti-infective activity, especially in combating corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This article reviews the progress of research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction, and analyzes the research difficulties and breakthroughs, aiming to provide some reference for the basic and clinical research of Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction.