Abstract: The skin is the largest organ of the human body. From inside to outside, it is composed by subcutaneous tissue, dermis and epidermis. Numerous microorganisms colonize on the skin surface and glands, collectively referred to as the skin microbiome. The composition and distribution of different microorganisms maintain a dynamic balance within a certain range, and they interact with the host's skin and immune system through proliferation and secretion, forming a skin micro ecosystem. When the skin flora is out of balance, it will lead to microecological disorder and disease. Treatment from the perspective of microecology can not only effectively reduce the disease, but also avoid the spread of bacterial drug resistance. This paper reviews the recent research results related to skin microecology, and focuses on the relationship between skin microorganisms and skin diseases, as well as the application of microecological therapy in skin diseases, so as to provide reference for related research.