Abstract: Safety and efficacy of drugs are the key issues in clinical medication. Many studies have indicated that human microbiota are closely related with the efficacy and adverse responses of drugs. With the implementation of the human microbiome project, pharmacomicrobiomics has become a hot research area in life sciences and medicine. As an important extension and supplement of pharmacogenomics, pharmacomicrobiomics aims at investigating the interplay between drugs and microorganisms and their relationship with the efficacy of drugs. Although pharmacomicrobiomics is still in its infancy, it will provide important reference for personalized medicine and precision medicine. This article briefly reviews the development of pharmacomicrobiomics, with much focus on the current domestic and global research on the relationship between gut microbiota and personalized medicine.