Abstract: Radionuclide therapy (RNT) concentrates radionuclides at the lesion site and uses the biological effect of ionizing radiation to kill the lesion tissue. Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y), Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu) and Terbium-161 (¹⁶¹Tb) are β-ray nuclides that have attracted much attention in recent years, and have become representative nuclides in the RNT. RNT drugs based on the above nuclides have been developed and transformed, with five drugs approved for marketing and a number of drugs entering clinical trials. This article reviews the clinical progress of ⁹⁰Y/¹⁷⁷Lu/¹⁶¹Tb-labeled anti-tumor RNT drugs targeting somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP).