Abstract: Tumor cells adapt to the demands of rapid growth and division through metabolic reprogramming, exhibiting distinct metabolic characteristics compared to normal cells including dysregulated uptake of glucose and amino acids, utilization of central carbon metabolism to support biosynthesis, and increased reliance on mechanisms to protect against oxidative stress. These features present potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor metabolism. This review summarizes the research progress of key metabolic enzymes and their targeting drugs in the metabolic pathways of glucose, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids, and explores new directions in drug development, in the hope of providing more reference for tumor therapy.