Abstract: Mitochondria serve as a common site for the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. Moreover, mitochondria play an important role in insulin resistance and the onset and progression of diabetes mellitus, as their structural abnormalities and dysfunction can be both causes and consequences of systemic metabolic disorders. The elucidated pathological mechanisms related to mitochondria provide potential targets and new directions for etiological intervention and drug development in diabetes. Strategies such as inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative damage, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, modulating mitochondrial dynamics, uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation processes, and even modestly inhibiting mitochondrial function have been shown to ameliorate metabolic disorders. This article reviews the research progress of mitochondria-targeted intervention strategies for diabetes mellitus and related drugs.