Abstract: Objective This study conducts a systematic review of current research on the clinical and economic value of liquid biopsy in the field of lung cancer to explore its clinical and economic value. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical and economic value evaluations related to liquid biopsy. Results After screening, a total of 11 studies were included. Among them, 10 focused on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while 1 concentrated on early-stage lung cancer screening. The biomarkers analyzed included circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microRNA signature classifier (MSC). Conclusion Liquid biopsy serves as an effective complement to traditional tissue biopsy, enhancing patient health outcomes and reducing test turnaround time. Specifically, liquid biopsy has shown promise in improving the accuracy of early-stage lung cancer screening and potentially reducing subsequent treatment costs, and has certain clinical and economic value.