Abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of tumor cells and various stromal cells, constitutes a unique biological milieu that is indispensable for tumor initiation and progression. Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), one of the most critical stromal components within the TME, plays pivotal roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, maintenance of cancer stemness, angiogenesis, regulation of tumor metabolism and immune responses, as well as the promotion of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. CAFs are highly heterogeneous and can mediate cancer metastasis and progression by secreting various signaling molecules. The development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are closely associated with the functional activity of CAF. CAF-mediated signaling axes have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment and for improving poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, elucidating the signaling cascades involved in the interaction between CAF and CRC is of great significance for understanding their role in tumor immune regulation. By reviewing recent research progress on the interaction targets between CAF and CRC and their related signaling pathways, the aim is to assess the role of CAF in CRC progression.