Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by memory loss and significant cognitive decline. Clinical studies have shown that in addition to cognitive deterioration, patients with AD often present behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which runs through the whole course of the disease. Transgenic mouse models of AD have been widely applied in AD mechanism research and drug screening. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to BPSD manifested in AD transgenic mice. Nevertheless, the intrinsic mechanistic link between the pathological process of AD and the occurrence and development of BPSD still lacks systematic and in-depth elucidation. This paper reviews typical BPSD in AD transgenic mice, including agitation, depression, anxiety and apathy, and focuses on the dynamic evolution of BPSD along with AD pathological progression. Furthermore, it explores the key regulatory effects of various neurotransmitters on the development of BPSD, so as to provide some theoretical reference and new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AD.