Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of different anesthesia depths under Narcotrend monitoring on immune function and recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery. Methods A total of 210 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery at The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from May 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled. Using a random number table, the patients were assigned to three groups (n = 70 each): group A (light anesthesia), group B (moderate anesthesia), and group C (deep anesthesia). Parameters including T lymphocyte subsets and hemodynamics were compared among the three groups. Results The levels of CD3⁺ T, CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, and natural killer (NK) cells in group A were higher than those in groups B and C immediately after surgery (T₃) and at 24 h postoperatively (T₅) (P ＜ 0.05). The CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T ratio at T₅ in group A was higher than that in groups B and C (P＜ 0.05). At 72 h postoperatively (T₆), the levels of CD3⁺T, CD4⁺T, CD8⁺T, NK cells, and the CD4⁺T/ CD8⁺ T ratio in group A were higher than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05). The levels of CD3⁺ T, CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, and NK cells in group B at T₃, T₅, and T₆ were higher than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05), and the CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T ratios at T₃ and T₅ were higher than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05). The recovery time in groups A and B was shorter than that in group C (P ＜ 0.05). The propofol consumption among the three groups was in the order of group C ＞ group B ＞ group A (P ＜ 0.05). The heart rate (HR) in group A was faster than that in groups B and C before tracheal intubation (T₁), immediately after intubation (T₂), at T₃, and at extubation (T₄) (P ＜ 0.05), and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from T₁ to T₄ was higher than that in groups B and C (P ＜ 0.05). The HR in group B at T₄ was slower than that in group C (P ＜ 0.05), and the MAP from T₁ to T₄ was higher than that in group C (P ＜ 0.05). The incidence of nausea and/or acid reflux in groups A and B was lower than that in group C (P ＜ 0.05), while the incidence of agitation in group A was higher than that in groups B and C (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion In laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor surgery, both moderate and deep anesthesia are superior to light anesthesia in maintaining immune function and hemodynamic stability. However, regarding risk control such as agitation, moderate anesthesia demonstrates a better safety profile.