创新链/学科链/研发链/产业链

新药研发前沿动态 / 医药领域趋势进展

基于蛋白降解靶向嵌合体/免疫调节药物的双功能降解剂研究进展

Research Advances in Bifunctional Degraders Based on Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras/Immunomodulatory Drugs

  • 摘要: 靶向蛋白降解技术突破传统小分子药物对“不可成药”靶点的局限,为肿瘤和神经退行性疾病等提供了新型干预策略。蛋白降解靶向嵌合体(proteolysis targeting chimera,PROTAC)和分子胶凭借其独特的泛素-蛋白酶体系统调控机制,成为目前极具成药前景的蛋白质降解手段。免疫调节药物(immunomodulatory drug,IMiD)不仅可以用作E3泛素连接酶配体,其固有的分子胶特性还能诱导新底物的泛素化降解,形成独特的双重降解特性。通过整合PROTAC的精准靶向能力和分子胶降解剂的底物重编程特性,可设计开发PROTAC/IMi D双功能降解剂,其通过协同降解目标蛋白(protein of interest,POI)及新底物,实现多通路协同治疗效应。代表性分子如NX-2127和KT-413已在临床前及早期临床试验中被证实具有克服耐药性、增强疗效的独特潜力。随着对E3泛素连接酶的系统性挖掘及多靶点协同药理机制的深入解析,这类双功能降解剂使得部分“不可成药”蛋白被成功靶向,为克服复杂疾病耐药等临床难题提供了优势策略。综述了基于蛋白降解靶向嵌合体/免疫调节药物的双功能降解剂的研究进展。

     

    Abstract: Targeted protein degradation technologies break through the limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs against "undruggable" targets, offering novel intervention strategies for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders. Proteolysistargeting chimeras(PROTACs) and molecular glues, with their unique ubiquitin-proteasome system regulatory mechanisms, have emerged as highly promising protein degradation approaches. Immunomodulatory drugs(IMiDs) not only serve as E3 ubiquitin ligase ligands but also possess intrinsic molecular glue properties that induce ubiquitination and degradation of neo-substrates, exhibiting a unique dualdegradation capability. By integrating the precise targeting capability of PROTACs with the neo-substrate reprogramming properties of molecular glue degraders, PROTAC/IMiD bifunctional degraders can be designed to achieve multi-pathway synergistic therapeutic effects through the co-degradation of proteins of interest(POIs) and neo-substrates. Representative molecules, such as NX-2127 and KT-413, have demonstrated unique potential in preclinical and early phase clinical trials to overcome drug resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. With systematic exploration of E3 ubiquitin ligases and in-depth analysis of multi-target synergistic pharmacological mechanisms,these bifunctional degraders have enabled successful targeting of some "undruggable" proteins, providing an advantageous strategy for overcoming clinical challenges such as complex disease resistance. This article reviews the research advances in bifunctional degraders based on PROTACs/IMiDs.

     

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