Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection combined with doxofylline on inflammatory markers and pulmonary function in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods This retrospective study included 300 patients with AECOPD admitted to Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. All patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 150 cases in each group. Both groups received standard basic treatment for AECOPD. On the basis of the standard basic treatment, the control group was additionally given doxofylline, and the observation group was further combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection. Blood gas parameters, immunoglobulins, serum inflammatory markers, and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the blood gas parameters, immunoglobulins, and serum inflammatory markers in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the pulmonary function indicators of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion The combination of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection and doxofylline significantly improves clinical outcomes in AECOPD patients by optimizing blood gas parameters, modulating immune responses, and suppressing systemic inflammation, thereby enhancing pulmonary function recovery.