Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of ciprofol versus propofol on cerebral oxygen metabolism and adverse reactions in patients undergoing brain tumor resection. Methods Patients who underwent brain tumor resection surgery in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from March 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Based on pre established inclusion and exclusion criteria，120 patients were included，finally. Retrospective grouping was conducted based on the actual use of anesthesia maintenance drugs in patients during surgery. 60 patients who received maintenance anesthesia with cyclosporine were included in the cyclosporine group, and 60 patients who received maintenance anesthesia with propofol were included in the propofol group. The cerebral oxygen metabolism indexes jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO₂), cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO₂)and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were compared between the two groups preoperatively (T0), 24 h postoperatively (T1), and 72 h postoperatively (T2). The incidence of adverse reactions was also recorded. Results The SjvO₂, CERO₂ and MMSE scores at T1 and T2 in the ciprofol group were all higher than those in the propofol group (P < 0.05); besides, the total incidence of adverse reactions at T1 in the ciprofol group was significantly lower than that in the propofol group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ciprofol can ameliorate cerebral oxygen metabolism, improve postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing brain tumor resection, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.