Abstract: Peptide drugs, due to their high specificity, strong pharmacological activity and relatively low toxicity, have become an important direction in the research and development of innovative drugs in recent years. Compared to injections, oral administration is a more ideal way for patients with chronic diseases; however, the complex delivery environment and multiple physiological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract strictly limit the absorption of oral peptides. Focusing on the key delivery barriers of oral peptide formulations, this review summarizes recent advances in oral peptide formulations, including combination products containing enteric-coating materials, enzyme inhibitors and permeation enhancers, mucoadhesive and mucus-penetrating delivery systems, nanodrug delivery systems, and drug-device combination delivery systems, highlighting their design principles, advantages, and current limitations. On this basis, it further discusses major challenges in clinical translation and industrialization, including supervision of functional excipients, humanfactor engineering design and long-term safety assessment of drug-device combinations, manufacturing cost, and patient accessibility, and finally outlines the potential directions for future development and feasible routes toward scalable applications of oral peptide delivery technologies.