Abstract: Drug resistance has become a severe challenge in the field of public health. The death toll caused by drug resistance increases year by year, and the socioeconomic burden continues to escalate. It is imperative to explore effective prevention and control strategies. With a profound theoretical foundation and extensive clinical experience, traditional Chinese medicine possesses unique advantages and application potential in reversing anti-infective and anti-tumor drug resistance. This paper reviews the mechanisms and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in reversing anti-infective and anti-tumor drug resistance, and summarizes its advantages and limitations, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and new research directions for tackling drug resistance via traditional Chinese medicine.