Abstract: Thromboembolic disease is common in patients with malignant tumor and has become one of the leading causes of death. Anticoagulant is the most essential medicine for the treatment of thromboembolic disease, but its application in cancer patients is very different from that in non-cancer patients, bringing a lot of confusions to clinicians. In recent years, some researches on the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism in cancer survivors have been reported. Meanwhile, several guidelines and expert consensus documents have been available as guidance for the treatment of thromboembolism in cancer patients. Based on the currently available literature, advances in the application of anticoagulants in cancer survivors were reviewed in this paper to provide reference for clinicians.