Abstract: 3, 6-anhydrohexoside is a unique and important structure in carbohydrate family. Naturally occurring and synthetic compounds bearing 3, 6-anhydrohexoside structure usually possess special chemical and physical properties as well as unique bioactivities. To date, various methods have been explored and developed to construct 3, 6-anhydrohexoside structure. This paper reviewed recently reported methodologies for the construction of 3, 6-anhydrohexoside and their application in compounds of related structure, so as to provide researchers with further reference for the synthesis of compounds with 3, 6-anhydrohexoside structure.