Abstract: mRNA vaccines are characterized by rapid research and development, short production cycle and easy large-scale production. However, as a new type of vaccines, there is still a lack of systematic study data and experience in their quality control. This article reviews the guidance documents and literature related to the quality control of mRNA vaccines, and summarizes the key considerations in product quality control items and acceptance criteria, detection methods and standards, aiming to provide reference for the quality control of mRNA vaccines.