Pathogenesis and Drug Treatment Progress of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious complication associated with infectious diseases, malignancies, and obstetric procedures, is an acquired coagulation disorder syndrome characterized by systemic coagulation activation. DIC associated with critically ill patients with COVID-19 has also been reported in clinical practice. The pathogenesis of DIC is complex, involving the joint action of coagulation, immune inflammation, fibrinolysis and other systems, resulting in the dysregulation of the coagulationanticoagulation-fibrinolysis system of the body and the generation of a large number of microvascular thrombi, which will eventually induce bleeding, multi-organ failure and other symptoms. DIC is one of the critical clinical syndromes with an acute onset, rapid progression and high patient mortality. The ISTH guidelines recommend heparin/low-molecular heparin, recombinant human activated protein C, antithrombin, and recombinant human thrombomodulin for the anticoagulation treatment of DIC. In addition, Chinese medicines (Xuebijing Injection, Compound Danshen Injection, and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, etc.) also play an important role in the treatment of DIC with their unique advantages and characteristics. This article analyzes and reviews the pathogenesis of DIC and the progress of medical therapy in recent years to provide reference for the clinical drug treatment of DIC.