Progress of Research on the Application of Cardiac Organoid in Cardiovascular Disease Modelling and Drug Development

As one of the most focused health challenges in the world, cardiovascular diseases incur hundreds of millions of deaths and increase health management costs every year. To facilitate comprehensive mechanism studies of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic drug development, cardiac organoids are evolving as one of the critical modelling platforms. As an in vitro construct, cardiac organoids resemble the human in vivo micro-environment better than traditional models; thus, they can provide more precise predictions on the pharmacological effects and toxicity of drugs for cardiovascular diseases. The constantly developing technique of cardiac organoids will facilitate its applications in the research and treatment of cardiovascular disease and improve the life quality of patients. This review summarizes the most up-to-date techniques for generating cardiac organoids in vitro, focusing specifically on their applications in modelling various cardiovascular diseases, drug screening, and cardiotoxicity evaluation.