Research Progress of Polymer Carriers in the Field of mRNA Delivery

In recent years, the breakthroughs in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) modification and delivery techniques have propelled the flourishing development of mRNA drugs, with particularly great potential in the fields of vaccines, protein replacement therapy, and gene editing. However, the instability and negative charge characteristics of mRNA have rendered the development of safe and efficient delivery systems a crucial task. This paper reviews the progress of polymeric carriers for mRNA delivery, explores the methods to enhance mRNA transfection efficiency, including polymer structure optimization and nanoparticle engineering, summarizes the current research status of polymer-based organ-targeting carriers, and provides an outlook on the clinical applications of polymeric delivery carriers.