Progress of Research on New Oral Delivery Technologies for Peptide Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Oral administration of peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has demonstrated significant clinical value in diabetes treatment, with such distinct advantages as reduced risk of hypoglycemia, improved patient adherence, and suitability for chronic administration, and has become a research focus in the field of oral peptides. However, the presence of gastrointestinal physiological barriers and the lack of appropriate delivery carriers have significantly hindered the development of oral formulations for peptide GLP-1RAs. In recent years, with the development of interdisciplinary fields such as nanomedicine, remarkable progress has been made in the development of oral delivery strategies for peptide GLP-1RAs. This review systematically summarizes the research status of peptide GLP-1RAs, focuses on the novel oral delivery technologies based on peptide GLP-1RAs, and analyzes the difficulties in their clinical translation, aiming to provide some directional reference for subsequent research.