Current Status and Advances in Immunosuppressive Therapy and Drug Use for Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation is currently recognized as the most effective method for the treatment of severe liver diseases such as acute liver failure, chronic end-stage liver disease, and liver tumor. With the improvement in clinical surgical techniques and perioperative management, the success rate of liver transplantation has increased significantly. With the development of immunological research and the standardized use of immunosuppressants, the immunosuppressive therapy of liver transplantation has achieved remarkable clinical effect, and the survival time of grafts and the recipients after liver transplantation are prolonged. However, with the long-term use of immunosuppressants, the risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular complications, new malignant tumors and abnormal renal function is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the long-term prognosis of patients. Clinically, the balance between reducing the risk of rejection of liver transplantation and avoiding the adverse reactions of immunosuppressants should be given full consideration in the immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Optimization of immunotherapy regimen and induction of immune tolerance are the research focus of immunotherapy for liver transplantation. In this paper, the characteristics of rejection, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and the research progress in immunosuppressive therapy for liver transplantation were reviewed, and the research prospect of immunosuppressive therapy for liver transplantation was introduced.