Advances in Research on Transcription Factors Regulating Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

White adipose tissue (WAT) acts as an energy storage tissue, storing excess energy mainly in the form of triglycerides. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), as an energy-consuming tissue, utilizes uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat and maintain body temperature, thus consuming excess stored energy. Factors including β-adrenergic receptor activation and cold environment can stimulate browning of WAT. BAT thermogenesis and browning of WAT are a complex regulatory process involving multiple factors, among which UCP1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16) are the key factors related to this process. This paper discusses the related mechanisms of different transcription factors participating in thermogenesis of adipose tissue by regulating the above molecules, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.